A sampling matrix is a set of pre-specified goals for the diversity of a sample decided prior to data collection (e.g., 50% male, 50% female). Setting pre-specified goals and sticking to these goals while sampling might help one's sample better approximate the population of interest.
Pettit, A. (2015). What is a sampling matrix? Linkedin. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20141029131658-6511942-what-is-a-sampling-matrix/
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Methodology